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It is not a disease but represents normal breast changes. [3] Diagnosis involves ruling out breast cancer. [1] Fibrocystic changes include fibroadenomas, fibrosis, papillomas of the breast, [1] and apocrine-type metaplasia. [4] Management may involve education about the condition, using a well fitting bra, and pain medication, if needed. [1]
[10] [13] In a review of 354 reported cases of PB: 344 occurred in females (~96%), 6 in males (~2%), and 2 (~0.6) in individuals whose sex was not mentioned; the individuals ranged from 7 months to 81 years (average age 26 years); 316 (~90%) individuals complained of a palpable mass, 2 (~0.6%) of pain, 2 (~0.6%) of nipple discharge (this ...
A breast mass, also known as a breast lump, is a localized swelling that feels different from the surrounding tissue. [1] Breast pain, nipple discharge, or skin changes may be present. [1] Concerning findings include masses that are hard, do not move easily, are of an irregular shape, or are firmly attached to surrounding tissue. [2]
A breast tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue in the breast as a result of neoplasia. A breast neoplasm may be benign, as in fibroadenoma, or it may be malignant, in which case it is termed breast cancer. Either case commonly presents as a breast lump. Approximately 7% of breast lumps are fibroadenomas and 10% are breast cancer, the rest being ...
In addition, larger masses can stretch the overlying breast tissue leading to nipple retraction, chest wall fixation, and in advanced cases, ulceration from pressure necrosis. [ 6 ] Phyllodes tumors can grow to a variety of sizes, ranging from 0.8 to 40 cm, with the average tumor growing to between 4 and 8 cm. [ 7 ] Their growth can be slow ...
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
Surgical breast biopsy specimen that has been inked on all sides to aid a pathologist in evaluating tissue margins under the microscope. Excisional biopsy involves surgically removing the suspicious area of the breast to examine it under the microscope for diagnosis.
Since both fibroadenomas and breast lumps as a sign of breast cancer can appear similar, it is recommended to perform ultrasound analyses and possibly tissue sampling with subsequent histopathologic analysis in order to make a proper diagnosis. Unlike typical lumps from breast cancer, fibroadenomas are easy to move, with clearly defined edges.