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Hematuria (red blood cells in the urine) [11] Proteinuria (protein in the urine) ranging from sub-nephrotic (<3.5 g/day) to >10 g/day, [7] although it is rarely above nephrotic range proteinuria levels. [12] Hypertension [13] resting blood pressure is persistently at or above 130/80 or 140/90 mmHg. [14] Blurred vision [4]
Hematuria can be classified according to visibility, anatomical origin, and timing of blood during urination. [1] [6]In terms of visibility, hematuria can be visible to the naked eye (termed "gross hematuria") and may appear red or brown (sometimes referred to as tea-colored), or it can be microscopic (i.e. not visible but detected with a microscope or laboratory test).
Eosinophiluria (>5% of urine leukocytes ) is a common finding (~90%) in antibiotic-induced allergic nephritis, however, lymphocytes predominate in allergic interstitial nephritis induced by NSAIDs. Eosinophiluria is a feature of atheroembolic ARF.
Analysis of the urine may show signs of urinary tract infection. Specifically, the presence of nitrite and white blood cells on a urine test strip in patients with typical symptoms are sufficient for the diagnosis of pyelonephritis, and are an indication for empirical treatment. Blood tests such as a complete blood count may show neutrophilia.
Hemoglobinuria is a condition in which the oxygen transport protein hemoglobin is found in abnormally high concentrations in the urine. [1] The condition is caused by excessive intravascular hemolysis, in which large numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed, thereby releasing free hemoglobin into the plasma. [2]
In medicine, proteinopathy ([pref. protein]; -pathy [suff. disease]; proteinopathies pl.; proteinopathic adj), or proteopathy, protein conformational disorder, or protein misfolding disease, is a class of diseases in which certain proteins become structurally abnormal, and thereby disrupt the function of cells, tissues and organs of the body ...
Sterile pyuria: white blood cells and no bacteria. About 50% of patients with AIN have pyuria. [21] Nephrotic-range amount of protein in the urine may be seen with NSAID-associated AIN. Low grade proteinuria may be seen in a majority of other causes of AIN. [21] White blood cell (WBC) casts: Fewer than one in five patients with AIN have WBC ...
In renal aminoaciduria, the renal tubules are unable to reabsorb the filtered amino acids back into the blood, causing high concentrations of amino acids in the urine. [5] This may be caused by a defect in the transport proteins in the renal tubule, for example, as occurs in Hartnup disease , [ 5 ] or may be due to damage to the kidney tubule ...