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Sulfuric acid (American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name) or sulphuric acid (Commonwealth spelling), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen, with the molecular formula H 2 SO 4. It is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is miscible with water. [7] Structure ...
Sulfuric(IV) acid (United Kingdom spelling: sulphuric(IV) acid), also known as sulfurous (UK: sulphurous) acid and thionic acid, [citation needed] is the chemical compound with the formula H 2 SO 3. Raman spectra of solutions of sulfur dioxide in water show only signals due to the SO 2 molecule and the bisulfite ion, HSO − 3. [2]
Speciation of ions refers to the changing concentration of varying forms of an ion as the pH of the solution changes. [ 1 ] The ratio of acid, AH and conjugate base, A − , concentrations varies as the difference between the pH and the p K a varies, in accordance with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation .
The hydrogensulfate ion (HSO − 4), also called the bisulfate ion, is the conjugate base of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4). [ 59 ] [ b ] Sulfuric acid is classified as a strong acid; in aqueous solutions it ionizes completely to form hydronium ( H 3 O + ) and hydrogensulfate ( HSO − 4 ) ions.
Normality can be used for acid-base titrations. For example, sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) is a diprotic acid. Since only 0.5 mol of H 2 SO 4 are needed to neutralize 1 mol of OH −, the equivalence factor is: f eq (H 2 SO 4) = 0.5. If the concentration of a sulfuric acid solution is c(H 2 SO 4) = 1 mol/L, then its normality is 2 N. It can also be ...
Gallium(III) sulfate refers to the chemical compound, a salt, with the formula Ga 2 (SO 4) 3, or its hydrates Ga 2 (SO 4) 3 ·xH 2 O. Gallium metal dissolves in sulfuric acid to form solutions containing [Ga(OH 2) 6] 3+ and SO 4 2− ions. The octadecahydrate Ga 2 (SO 4) 3 ·18H 2 O crystallises from these solutions at room temperature.
Treatment of sulfur with hydrogen gives hydrogen sulfide.When dissolved in water, hydrogen sulfide is mildly acidic: [5] H 2 S ⇌ HS − + H +. Hydrogen sulfide gas and the hydrosulfide anion are extremely toxic to mammals, due to their inhibition of the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin and certain cytochromes in a manner analogous to cyanide and azide.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate is prepared industrially via the Raschig hydroxylamine process, which involves the reduction of nitrite with bisulfite.This initially gives hydroxylamine disulfonate, which is hydrolysed to hydroxylammonium sulfate: [2] It can also be obtained by the acid-base reaction of hydroxylamine with sulfuric acid: