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2. Single-wire earth return - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-wire_earth_return

   SWER is promoted as safe due to isolation of the ground from both the generator and user. Most other electrical systems use a metallic neutral connected directly to the generator or a shared ground. [3] Grounding is critical. Significant currents on the order of 8 amperes flow through the ground near the earth points.

3. Voltage converter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_converter

   Another requirement is to provide low-voltage electricity to a device from mains electricity; this would be done by what is usually called a power supply.Most modern electronic devices require between 1.5 and 24 volts DC; lower-powered devices at these voltages can often work either from batteries or mains.

4. Ćuk converter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ćuk_converter

   Its schematic can be seen in figure 1. It is an inverting converter, so the output voltage is negative with respect to the input voltage. The main advantage of this converter is the continuous currents at the input and output of the converter. The main disadvantage is the high current stress on the switch. [4] Fig. 1: Cuk converter circuit diagram.

5. Negative impedance converter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_impedance_converter

   By using an NIC as a negative resistor, it is possible to let a real generator behave (almost) like an ideal generator, (i.e., the magnitude of the current or of the voltage generated does not depend on the load). Figure: Negative impedance converter. An example for a current source is shown in the figure on the right.

6. Boost converter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boost_converter

   A boost converter or step-up converter is a DC-to-DC converter that increases voltage, while decreasing current, from its input to its output . It is a class of switched-mode power supply (SMPS) containing at least two semiconductors, a diode and a transistor , and at least one energy storage element: a capacitor , inductor , or the two in ...

7. Push–pull converter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push–pull_converter

   Push-pull converter (+12V → ±18V; 50W) as potted module. ① transformer; ② and ③ electrolytic capacitors vertical and horizontal mounted; ④ discrete circuit board in through-hole technology A push–pull converter is a type of DC-to-DC converter , a switching converter that uses a transformer to change the voltage of a DC power supply.

8. High-voltage direct current - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-voltage_direct_current

   Long distance HVDC lines carrying hydroelectricity from Canada's Nelson River to this converter station where it is converted to AC for use in southern Manitoba's grid. A high-voltage direct current (HVDC) electric power transmission system uses direct current (DC) for electric power transmission, in contrast with the more common alternating current (AC) transmission systems. [1]

9. Flyback converter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flyback_converter

   Fig. 1: Schematic of a flyback converter. The flyback converter is used in both AC/DC, and DC/DC conversion with galvanic isolation between the input and any outputs. The flyback converter is a buck-boost converter with the inductor split to form a transformer, so that the voltage ratios are multiplied with an additional advantage of isolation.