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The first Bourbon Restoration lasted from 6 April 1814 to 20 March 1815, when Napoleon Bonaparte seized power once more. On 8 July 1815 the kingdom was restored, existing until 2 August 1830, after the July Revolution. [citation needed]
Public order in Paris was a top priority of Napoleon. His prefect of police directed forty-eight commissaires of police, one for each neighborhood, and an additional two hundred police inspectors in civilian clothes. None of the police, in fact, had uniforms; a uniformed police force was not established until March 1829.
The Napoleonic army on campaign, according to Jacques Swebach.. The economic and logistical aspects of the Napoleonic Wars describe all the economic factors involved in material management—economic policies, production, etc.—and financial management—funding war expenditures, etc.—of the wars conducted under the Consulate and the First Empire, as well as the economic causes and ...
After France's defeat at the hands of the Seventh Coalition at the Battle of Waterloo, [1] Napoleon was persuaded to abdicate again, on 22 June. King Louis XVIII, who had fled the country when Napoleon arrived in Paris, took the throne for a second time on 8 July. The 1815 treaty had more punitive terms than the treaty of the previous year.
The victors exiled Napoleon to Elba and restored the Bourbon monarchy. Napoleon escaped from Elba in 1815, gathering enough support to overthrow the monarchy of Louis XVIII, triggering a seventh, and final, coalition against him. Napoleon was then decisively defeated at Waterloo, and he abdicated again on 22 June.
Change in per capita GDP of France, 1820–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 international dollars. The economic history of France involves major events and trends, including the elaboration and extension of the seigneurial economic system (including the enserfment of peasants) in the medieval Kingdom of France, the development of the French colonial empire in the early modern ...
The Napoleonic era is a period in the history of France and Europe. It is generally classified as including the fourth and final stage of the French Revolution, the first being the National Assembly, the second being the Legislative Assembly, and the third being the Directory.
Although France was considered an enemy state, Talleyrand was allowed to attend the Congress because he claimed that he had only cooperated with Napoleon under duress. He suggested that France be restored to her "legitimate" (i.e. pre-Napoleonic) borders and governments—a plan that, with some changes, was accepted by the major powers.