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The null coalescing operator is a binary operator that is part of the syntax for a basic conditional expression in several programming languages, such as (in alphabetical order): C# [1] since version 2.0, [2] Dart [3] since version 1.12.0, [4] PHP since version 7.0.0, [5] Perl since version 5.10 as logical defined-or, [6] PowerShell since 7.0.0, [7] and Swift [8] as nil-coalescing operator.
Null coalescing operators; ... Comparison of C# and Visual Basic .NET; Comparison of Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET; ... JavaScript: semicolon separated (but ...
C# 6.0 and above have ?., the null-conditional member access operator (which is also called the Elvis operator by Microsoft and is not to be confused with the general usage of the term Elvis operator, whose equivalent in C# is ??, the null coalescing operator) and ?[], the null-conditional element access operator, which performs a null-safe call of an indexer get accessor.
Visual Basic: Application, RAD, education, business, general, (Includes VBA), office automation Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Component-oriented No Visual Basic .NET: Application, RAD, education, web, business, general Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Structured, concurrent No Visual FoxPro: Application Yes Yes No Yes No No Data-centric, logic No Visual Prolog
The new operator can be used to create an object wrapper for a Boolean primitive. However, the typeof operator does not return boolean for the object wrapper, it returns object. Because all objects evaluate as true, a method such as .valueOf(), or .toString(), must be used to retrieve the wrapped value.
I'm not sure if Perl's defined-or operator does the same thing like C#'s null coalescing operator, but any attempts to indentify JS's, Ruby's and Python's operators with // are wrong. The ||-operator works much the same in Perl and JS, whenever the Left-Hand-Side has a value which is FALSE in boolean context, the Right-H-S will be returned.
Btw., who defined Elvis operator vs. null coalescing operator in the first place? The "new" usage (writing Elvis, meaning null coalescing), seems much more sane to me than the "classic" definition. The classic definition basically says: Return "true" or any arbitrary value if false. What's the point of always returning "true" in the first case?
and | are bitwise operators that occur in many programming languages. The major difference is that bitwise operations operate on the individual bits of a binary numeral, whereas conditional operators operate on logical operations. Additionally, expressions before and after a bitwise operator are always evaluated.