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Puberty blockers (also called puberty inhibitors or hormone blockers) are medicines used to postpone puberty in children. The most commonly used puberty blockers are gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, which suppress the natural production of sex hormones, such as androgens (e.g. testosterone) and estrogens (e.g. estradiol).
The etiology of microtia in children remains uncertain but there are some cases that associate the cause of microtia with genetic defects in multiple or single genes, altitude, and gestational diabetes. [3] Risk factors gathered from studies include infants born underweight, male sex, women gravidity and parity, and medication use while pregnant.
Bell v Tavistock was a case before the Court of Appeal (England and Wales) on the question of whether puberty blockers could be prescribed to under-16s with gender dysphoria. [1] The Court of Appeal said that "it was for clinicians rather than the court to decide on competence" to consent to receive puberty blockers. [2]
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Additionally, puberty blockers can be prescribed for children with severe forms of idiopathic short stature, allowing for more time for growth before the closure of growth plates. [47] In the USA, since 1993, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has supported the use of puberty blockers to treat precocious puberty. [48]
Just 17,600 children from that total population started taking puberty blockers or gender-affirming hormones within that five-year period. Of those children, 27% were on puberty blockers.
Bronchial atresia is a rare congenital disease characterized by segmental or lobar emphysema and, in some cases, mucoid impaction. The exact cause of bronchial atresia is unknown; the lobar bronchi, subsegmental bronchi, and distal bronchioles develop in the fifth, sixth, and sixteenth weeks of fetal development, respectively.
Twenty-three U.S. states have enacted bans on gender-affirming care, including the prescription of puberty blockers, according to the Movement Advancement Project, a think tank that tracks ...