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The proper way of applying the abstract mathematics of the theorem to actual biology has been a matter of some debate, however, it is a true theorem. [3] It states: "The rate of increase in fitness of any organism at any time is equal to its genetic variance in fitness at that time." [4] Or in more modern terminology:
Selection coefficient, usually denoted by the letter s, is a measure used in population genetics to quantify the relative fitness of a genotype compared to other genotypes. . Selection coefficients are central to the quantitative description of evolution, since fitness differences determine the change in genotype frequencies attributable to selecti
The elimination rate constant K or K e is a value used in pharmacokinetics to describe the rate at which a drug is removed from the human system. [1] It is often abbreviated K or K e. It is equivalent to the fraction of a substance that is removed per unit time measured at any particular instant and has units of T −1.
Mathematical and theoretical biology, or biomathematics, is a branch of biology which employs theoretical analysis, mathematical models and abstractions of living organisms to investigate the principles that govern the structure, development and behavior of the systems, as opposed to experimental biology which deals with the conduction of ...
Then, at each of the n measured points, the weight of the original value on the linear combination that makes up the predicted value is just 1/k. Thus, the trace of the hat matrix is n/k. Thus the smooth costs n/k effective degrees of freedom. As another example, consider the existence of nearly duplicated observations.
The notion of doubling time dates to interest on loans in Babylonian mathematics. Clay tablets from circa 2000 BCE include the exercise "Given an interest rate of 1/60 per month (no compounding), come the doubling time." This yields an annual interest rate of 12/60 = 20%, and hence a doubling time of 100% growth/20% growth per year = 5 years.
The Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz voltage equation, sometimes called the Goldman equation, is used in cell membrane physiology to determine the resting potential across a cell's membrane, taking into account all of the ions that are permeant through that membrane.
This is because for k > n/2, the probability can be calculated by its complement as (,,) = (,,). Looking at the expression f(k, n, p) as a function of k, there is a k value that maximizes it. This k value can be found by calculating