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Thermometer for measuring air and sea surface temperature; Barometer for measuring atmospheric pressure; Hygrometer for measuring humidity; Anemometer for measuring wind speed; Pyranometer for measuring solar radiation; Rain gauge for measuring liquid precipitation over a set period of time; Wind sock for measuring general wind speed and wind ...
The resolution of liquid crystal sensors is in the 0.1 °C (0.2 °F) range. Disposable liquid crystal thermometers have been developed for home and medical use. For example if the thermometer is put onto someone's forehead, it will change colour depending on the temperature of the person's body. There are two stages in the liquid crystals:
The first clear diagram of a thermoscope was published in 1617 by Giuseppe Biancani (1566 – 1624); [2]: 10 the first showing a scale and thus constituting a thermometer was by Santorio Santorio in 1625. [5] This was a vertical tube, closed by a bulb of air at the top, with the lower end opening into a vessel of water.
Such thermometers are usually calibrated so that one can read the temperature simply by observing the level of the fluid in the thermometer. Another type of thermometer that is not really used much in practice, but is important from a theoretical standpoint, is the gas thermometer. Other important devices for measuring temperature include:
Resistance thermometer principle: relation between temperature and electrical resistance of metals (platinum) (electrical resistance), range: 10 to 1,000 kelvins, application in physics and industry; Solid thermometer principle: relation between temperature and length of a solid (coefficient of thermal expansion). Bimetallic strip
A medical mercury-in-glass maximum thermometer showing the temperature of 38.7 °C (101.7 °F). One special kind of mercury-in-glass thermometer, called a maximum thermometer, works by having a constriction in the neck close to the bulb. As the temperature rises, the mercury is pushed up through the constriction by the force of expansion.
Thermodynamic diagrams are diagrams used to represent the thermodynamic states of a material (typically fluid) and the consequences of manipulating this material. For instance, a temperature– entropy diagram ( T–s diagram ) may be used to demonstrate the behavior of a fluid as it is changed by a compressor.
Six's maximum and minimum thermometer is a registering thermometer that can record the maximum and minimum temperatures reached over a period of time, for example 24 hours. It is used to record the extremes of temperature at a location, for instance in meteorology and horticulture .