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Bhinneka Tunggal Ika is the official national motto of Indonesia. It is inscribed in the national emblem of Indonesia, the Garuda Pancasila, written on the scroll gripped by the Garuda's claws. The phrase comes from Old Javanese, meaning "Unity in Diversity," and is enshrined in article 36A of the Constitution of Indonesia. The motto refers to ...
Subversion as Foreign Policy: The Secret Eisenhower and Dulles Debacle in Indonesia. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-29597-618-7. Kahin, George McT (1994). "The Impact of American Foreign Policy". Democracy in Indonesia: 1950s and 1990s (Editors: David Bourchier and John Legge): 63–73. Kahin, George McT. (October 1989).
The ideal of Pancasila has not effectively translated into a functioning liberal democracy in Indonesia. Instead, Pancasila has become a symbol of Indonesian exceptionalism, embodying the nation's values and identity. Pancasila is open to abuse, which in this case was the invitation to criminalise all kinds of ideologies but Pancasila itself.
Single principle of Pancasila (Asas tunggal Pancasila) was a policy enacted by the New Order regime under President Soeharto starting 1983 compelling political parties and public organisations to declare the national ideology of "Pancasila, as their one and only ideological basis". [nb 1]
Garuda Pancasila, National symbol and emblem of Indonesia.. Official national symbols of Indonesia are national symbols of Indonesia that represent Indonesian nationhood. These symbols are recognised as official symbols that represent Republic of Indonesia and usually displayed in Indonesian government institution buildings, Indonesian embassies, Indonesian passport, or held by Indonesian ...
The national emblem of Indonesia is called Garuda Pancasila in Indonesian. [2] The main part is the Garuda with a heraldic shield on its chest and a scroll gripped by its legs. The shield's five emblems represent Pancasila , the five principles of Indonesia's national ideology .
The New Indonesia National Sovereignty Party (Indonesian: Partai Kedaulatan Bangsa Indonesia Baru) is a political party in Indonesia.It was established as the New Indonesia Alliance Party (Partai Perhimpunan Indonesia Baru) by the economist Dr. Sjahrir and was initially made up of university students, middle-class people and the leaders of several political parties.
The beginning of Sukarno's Guided Democracy were marked with the return to the 1945 Constitution, replacing the parliamentary 1950 Provisional Constitution.With it the formation of Provisional People's Consultative Assembly, which the 1945 constitution prescribed that it consisted of members of the People's Representative Council, regional representatives (Indonesian: Utusan-utusan Daerah ...