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Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. [11] [12] Specifically, it is a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients which adversely affects the body's tissues and form. [13] Malnutrition is a category of diseases that includes undernutrition and ...
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population, and application of this knowledge to prevent diseases.
Childhood malnutrition is generally thought of as being limited to developing countries, but although most malnutrition occurs there, it is also an ongoing presence in developed nations. For example, in the United States of America, one out of every six children is at risk of hunger.
Nutrition psychology is the psychological study of the relationship between dietary intake and different aspects of psychological health. It is an applied field that uses an interdisciplinary approach to examine the influence of diet on mental health. [ 1 ]
Malnutrition is particularly common in low and middle-income countries and is the cause of significant morbidity and mortality in children. Risk factors for malnutrition in children include chronic poverty, food insecurity, inadequate maternal and fetal nutritional uptake, and underlying comorbidities.
The rate of hunger and malnutrition in female headed households was three times the national average at 30.2 percent. [citation needed] According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 10 percent of the population in Latin America and the Caribbean are affected by hunger and malnutrition. [53]
These alter the frequency of epidemic infectious diseases as well as chronic infections and other illnesses that affect fertility and infant mortality. Socioeconomic: political and cultural determinants, including standards of living, health habits, hygiene and nutrition.
Therefore, malnutrition resulting in stunting can further worsen the obesity epidemic, especially in low and middle income countries. [107] This creates even new economic and social challenges for vulnerable impoverished groups. [107] Data on global and regional food supply shows that consumption rose from 2011 to 2012 in all regions.