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In statistics, Welch's t-test, or unequal variances t-test, is a two-sample location test which is used to test the (null) hypothesis that two populations have equal means. It is named for its creator, Bernard Lewis Welch , and is an adaptation of Student's t -test , [ 1 ] and is more reliable when the two samples have unequal variances and ...
In case law, a test case is a lawsuit whose purpose is to establish an important legal principle or right and to set a precedent. [1] Test cases are brought to court with the intention of challenging, interpreting, or receiving clarification on a present law , regulation, or constitutional principle. [ 2 ]
In relation to Stage 2 (choice of law) he held that the relevant law was clearly that of the lex situs of the property, and cited various authorities in support including Winkworth v Christie Manson and Woods Ltd [1980] Ch 496 and Inglis v Robertson [1898] AC 616. But he noted that those cases related to goods, and that the same rule applied in ...
[2] ′E′ sought permission to appeal the decision, challenging the narrow aspect of the timing of the arrests; in particular, the finding of the link to the year 2000 elections. He was reliant on what was being described as "subsequent objective evidence" – namely the two reports which had emerged after the hearing, but prior to the ...
These questions, which the Court of Appeal in Wheatly v Drillsafe Ltd [2001] RPC 133, 142 dubbed "the Protocol questions" have been used by English courts for the past fifteen years as a framework for deciding whether equivalents fall within the scope of the claims. On the whole, the judges appear to have been comfortable with the results ...
Later, in 2016, the Supreme Court of Canada in White Burgess Langille Inman v. Abbott and Haliburton Co. [2015] 2 SCR 182 endorsed the parts of R v. J.-L.J. that cited Daubert, saying: "in the case of an opinion based on novel or contested science or science used for a novel purpose, the reliability of the underlying science for that purpose: J ...
A and Others v National Blood Authority and Another, also known as the Hepatitis C Litigation, [3] was a landmark product liability case of 2001 primarily concerning blood transfusions [1] but also blood products or transplanted organs, [4] all of which were infected with hepatitis C, where liability was established under the Consumer Protection Act 1987 and the Product Liability Directive (85 ...
Attorney-General v Guardian Newspapers Ltd (No 2) [1990] 1 AC 109 is a UK copyright law and English trusts law case, concerning the confidentiality, profits and copyrights. It established that there can be an injunction and an award of monetary compensation or an account of profits.