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Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) is a technique used extensively to study the effect of low serotonin in the brain. [1] This experimental approach reduces the availability of tryptophan , an amino acid which serves as the precursor to serotonin.
Glutaric acidemia type 1 (GA1) is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to completely break down the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan.Excessive levels of their intermediate breakdown products (glutaric acid, glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, glutaconic acid) can accumulate and cause damage to the brain (and also other organs [1]), but particularly the basal ...
Tryptophan affects brain serotonin synthesis when given orally in a purified form and is used to modify serotonin levels for research. [29] Low brain serotonin level is induced by administration of tryptophan-poor protein in a technique called acute tryptophan depletion. [68]
Evidence for the monoamine theory comes from multiple areas. First, acute depletion of tryptophan—a necessary precursor of serotonin and a monoamine—can cause depression in those in remission or relatives of people who are depressed, suggesting that decreased serotonergic neurotransmission is important in depression. [65]
The pharmacology of antidepressants is not entirely clear.. The earliest and probably most widely accepted scientific theory of antidepressant action is the monoamine hypothesis (which can be traced back to the 1950s), which states that depression is due to an imbalance (most often a deficiency) of the monoamine neurotransmitters (namely serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine). [1]
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway.. IDO is an important molecule in the mechanisms of tolerance and its physiological functions include the suppression of potentially dangerous inflammatory processes in the body. [16]
Niacin deficiency is a consequence of a diet low in both niacin and the amino acid tryptophan, a precursor for the vitamin. Low plasma tryptophan is a non-specific indicator, meaning it can have other causes. The signs and symptoms of niacin deficiency start to revert within days of oral supplementation with large amounts of the vitamin. [23] [24]
121278 216343 Ensembl ENSG00000139287 ENSMUSG00000006764 UniProt Q8IWU9 Q8CGV2 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_173353 NM_173391 RefSeq (protein) NP_775489 NP_775567 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 71.94 – 72.19 Mb Chr 10: 114.91 – 115.02 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) is an isozyme of tryptophan hydroxylase found in vertebrates. In humans, TPH2 is ...