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Celiac disease affects ~1% of the population in most parts of the world. [3] Ninety to one hundred percent of patients with coeliac disease have inherited genes at the HLA-DQ locus that encode HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 serotype proteins. [12] About 2–3% of individuals who inherit these HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 serotypes develop coeliac disease. [10]
Without treatment mortality rates of autoimmune enteropathy are as high as 30%. [8] Many factors such as the need for parenteral nutrition, [61] age of presentation, and the severity of symptoms can impact long-term outcomes. [3] No one treatment has been proven successful in all cases and relapses are common. [4]
Coeliac disease (British English) or celiac disease (American English) is a long-term autoimmune disorder, primarily affecting the small intestine, where individuals develop intolerance to gluten, present in foods such as wheat, rye, spelt and barley. [10]
Autoimmune disease Primary organ/body part affected Autoantibodies Acceptance as an autoimmune disease Prevalence rate (US) Cit. Autoimmune enteropathy: Small intestine: Anti-enterocyte antibodies Probable Rare [24] Autoimmune hepatitis: Liver: ANA, ASMA, anti-LKM1 Confirmed 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 50,000 [25] Celiac disease: Small intestine
Unlike celiac disease-associated EATL, the lesions usually have little evidence of inflammatory cells (particularly lymphoplasmacytoid cells, i.e. cells showing a mixture of B cell and plasma cell morphological features) or of infiltration of the epithelium lining by the types of lymphocytes seen in celiac disease. [2]
For people with celiac disease, a lifelong strict gluten-free diet is the only effective treatment to date; [23] [69] For people diagnosed with non-celiac gluten sensitivity, there are still open questions concerning for example the duration of such a diet.
The Mayo Clinic diet was created by weight management practitioners at the Mayo Clinic and was designed as a lifestyle change program to promote gradual and sustained weight loss, says Melissa ...
The mainstay of treatment involves open or laparoscopic surgery approaches to divide, or separate, the median arcuate ligament to relieve the compression of the celiac artery. [5] This is combined with removal of the celiac ganglia and evaluation of blood flow through the celiac artery, for example by intraoperative duplex ultrasound.