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It occurs in plants and animals. Plant photoperiodism can also be defined as the developmental responses of plants to the relative lengths of light and dark periods. They are classified under three groups according to the photoperiods: short-day plants, long-day plants, and day-neutral plants.
Most sun charts plot azimuth versus altitude throughout the days of the winter solstice and summer solstice, as well as a number of intervening days.Since the apparent movement of the Sun as viewed from Earth is nearly symmetrical about the solstice, plotting dates for one half of the year gives a good approximation for the rest of the year.
The stereographic projection, also known as the planisphere projection or the azimuthal conformal projection, is a conformal map projection whose use dates back to antiquity. Like the orthographic projection and gnomonic projection , the stereographic projection is an azimuthal projection , and when on a sphere, also a perspective projection .
The title can be translated as "celestial plane" or "star chart". In this work Ptolemy explored the mathematics of mapping figures inscribed in the celestial sphere onto a plane by what is now known as stereographic projection. This method of projection preserves the properties of circles.
The sun moves across the sky with clear circular polarization patterns surrounding it. When the Sun is located at the zenith the polarization is independent of azimuth and decreases with rising altitude (as it approaches the sun). The pattern then continues as the sun approaches the horizon once again for sunset.
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There is also an equal-angle hemispherical projection defined by stereographic projection. [6] The discussion here has emphasized an inside-out view of the lower hemisphere z ≤ 0 (as might be seen in a star chart), but some disciplines (such as cartography) prefer an outside-in view of the upper hemisphere z ≥ 0. [6]
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