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There are many examples for allophones in languages other than English. Typically, languages with a small phoneme inventory allow for quite a lot of allophonic variation: examples are Hawaiian and Pirahã. Here are some examples (the links of language names go to the specific article or subsection on the phenomenon): Consonant allophones
Therefore, the phones [ɕ] and [ʃ] do not belong to two separate phonemes in English; rather, they could be classified as two possible phonetic variations (called allophones) of the same phoneme. In contrast, languages other than English, such as some Slavic languages like Polish or Russian, may indeed perceive [ɕ] and [ʃ] as separate phonemes.
The following table shows the 24 consonant phonemes found in most dialects of English, plus /x/, whose distribution is more limited. Fortis consonants are always voiceless, aspirated in syllable onset (except in clusters beginning with /s/ or /ʃ/), and sometimes also glottalized to an extent in syllable coda (most likely to occur with /t/, see T-glottalization), while lenis consonants are ...
Many West African languages have a nasal flap [ɾ̃] (or [n̆]) as an allophone of /ɾ/ before a nasal vowel; voiced retroflex nasal flaps are common intervocalic allophones of /ɳ/ in South Asian languages. A nasal trill [r̃] has been described from some dialects of Romanian, and is posited as an intermediate historical step in rhotacism.
Dental to retroflex allophones, varying by dialect. Contrasts only intervocalically with /ʁ/, with its guttural allophones. See Portuguese phonology: Punjabi: Gurmukhi: ਲਾਰਾ [ˈläːɾäː] 'false promise' See Punjabi phonology. Shahmukhi: لارا: Scottish Gaelic: mòr [moːɾ] 'big' Both the lenited and non-initial broad form of r.
Depending on dialect, /r/ has at least the following allophones in varieties of English around the world: [1] "Standard" R: postalveolar approximant [] ⓘ (a common realization of the /r/ phoneme worldwide, Received Pronunciation and General American included).
It is never universal, especially in careful speech [citation needed], and it most often alternates with other allophones of /t/ such as [t] ⓘ, [tʰ], [tⁿ] (before a nasal), [tˡ] (before a lateral), or [ɾ]. As a sound change, it is a subtype of debuccalization. The pronunciation that it results in is called glottalization.
In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents.In English, aspirated consonants are allophones in complementary distribution with their unaspirated counterparts, but in some other languages, notably most South Asian languages and East Asian languages, the difference is contrastive.