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Theologian Mark Scott has argued that John Hick's theodicy is more closely aligned with Origen's beliefs than Irenaeus' and ought to be called an "Origenian theodicy". Origen used two metaphors for the world: it is a school and a hospital for souls, with God as Teacher and Physician, in which suffering plays both an educative and healing role.
Irenaeus (/ ɪ r ɪ ˈ n eɪ ə s / or / ˌ aɪ r ɪ ˈ n iː ə s /; Ancient Greek: Εἰρηναῖος, romanized: Eirēnaîos; c. 122 – c. 202 AD) [4] was a Greek bishop noted for his role in guiding and expanding Christian communities in the southern regions of present-day France and, more widely, for the development of Christian theology by combating heterodox or Gnostic ...
The Irenaean (or soul-making) theodicy is named after the 2nd-century Greek theologian Irenaeus whose ideas were adopted in Eastern Christianity. [23] It has been modified and advocated in the twenty-first century by John Hick. [23] Irenaen theodicy stands in sharp contrast to the Augustinian.
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The theodicy argues that humans have an evil nature in as much as it is deprived of its original goodness, form, order, and measure due to the inherited original sin of Adam and Eve, but still ultimately remains good due to existence coming from God, for if a nature was completely evil (deprived of the good), it would cease to exist. [50]
Irenaeus' primary goal in writing Against Heresies was to attack sects that deviated from his own form of Christianity, mainly the Gnostics and Marcionites. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] In particular, he sought to disprove what he saw as incorrect interpretations of scripture on the part of Gnostics such as Valentinus . [ 13 ]
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The Theodicy was deemed illogical by the philosopher Bertrand Russell. [20] Russell argues that moral and physical evil must result from metaphysical evil (imperfection). But imperfection is merely limitation; if existence is good, as Leibniz maintains, then the mere existence of evil requires that evil also be good.