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Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), also known as manual metal arc welding (MMA or MMAW), flux shielded arc welding [1] or informally as stick welding, is a manual arc welding process that uses a consumable electrode covered with a flux to lay the weld.
The welding electrodes are part of the transformer's secondary circuit. There is also a control box that manages the switch and may monitor the welding electrode voltage or current. The resistance presented to the welder is complicated. [12] There is the resistance of secondary winding, the cables, and the welding electrodes.
No filler rod is required, the sheets form their own filler (autogenous welding). Neither is a flux used. [2] Soldering, by contrast, uses a solder alloy that is some compatible alloy showing eutectic behaviour. This gives a melting point lower than the base metal, allowing a soldering process rather than welding.
It is a type of welding that uses a welding power supply to create an electric arc between a metal stick ("electrode") and the base material to melt the metals at the point of contact. Arc welding power supplies can deliver either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current to the work, while consumable or non-consumable electrodes are used.
Examples of submerged arc weld slag. Welding slag is a form of slag, or vitreous material produced as a byproduct of some arc welding processes, most specifically shielded metal arc welding (also known as stick welding), submerged arc welding, and flux-cored arc welding.
The advances in arc welding continued with the invention of metal electrodes in the late 1800s by a Russian, Nikolai Slavyanov (1888), and an American, C. L. Coffin (1890). Around 1900, A. P. Strohmenger released a coated metal electrode in Britain, which gave a more stable arc. In 1905, Russian scientist Vladimir Mitkevich proposed using a ...
The process requires a continuously fed consumable solid or tubular (metal cored) electrode. [1] The molten weld and the arc zone are protected from atmospheric contamination by being "submerged" under a blanket of granular fusible flux consisting of lime , silica , manganese oxide , calcium fluoride , and other compounds.
This is known informally as "dual shield" welding. This type of FCAW was developed primarily for welding structural steels. In fact, since it uses both a flux-cored electrode and an external shielding gas, one might say that it is a combination of gas metal and FCAW. The most often used shielding gases are either straight carbon dioxide or ...
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