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Abitur (German pronunciation: [abiˈtuːɐ] ⓘ), often shortened colloquially to Abi, is a qualification granted at the end of secondary education in Germany. It is conferred on students who pass their final exams at the end of ISCED 3 , usually after twelve or thirteen years of schooling (see also, for Germany, Abitur after twelve years ).
In 1810, during the Napoleonic Wars, Prussia introduced state certification requirements for teachers, which significantly raised the standard of teaching. The final examination, Abitur, was introduced in 1788, implemented in all Prussian secondary schools by 1812 and extended to all of Germany in 1871. The state also established teacher ...
An Abendgymnasium or "evening gymnasium" is a German class of secondary school for adults over the age of 18 which allows them to gain the Abitur. They were started in the 1920s as an opportunity for working class adults to improve their career options.
In Saxony and Thuringia it is already a long established norm to take the Abitur after twelve years. [1] The principal argument for the reduction is the comparatively long times for vocational education in Germany. Some federal states have already reversed the reform even though sound academic insights into its effects are scarce. [2]
The application fee is increased to 205 USD for most work visas and can be even higher for certain categories. [108] If the applicant is rejected, the application fee is not refunded. If the application is approved, nationals of certain countries must also pay a visa issuance fee, based on reciprocity. [109]
Non-German graduation certificates that compare to the Mittlere Reife such as the American high school diploma generally do not qualify the bearer for attending a German university. However those holding a high school diploma will be able to study at a German university nevertheless if they did well on the SAT or ACT .
Visas for US citizens are either single entry or multiple entry and valid for 5 years. The fee for single entry 3 month validity is US$60 and the fee for the multiple entry visa is US$100. [citation needed] — Greece: Visa not required [189] [190] 90 days 90 days within any 180-day period in the Schengen Area [191] Yes Grenada: Visa not ...
United States: As of September 2021, Bulgarian, Cypriot and Romanian citizens are still required to apply for a visa to enter the US. Nonetheless, the US refuses to lift the requirements. On 3 March 2017, the European Parliament voted in favor to impose visa requirements on U.S. citizens in the future. [156]