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Dioscorides noted lead's effect on the mind in the first century AD. Roman lead water pipes with taps. Lead poisoning was among the first known and most widely studied work-related environmental hazards. [186] One of the first metals to be smelted and used, [121] lead is thought to have been discovered and first mined in Anatolia around 6500 BC ...
Environmental sociology is the study of interactions between societies and their natural environment.The field emphasizes the social factors that influence environmental resource management and cause environmental issues, the processes by which these environmental problems are socially constructed and define as social issues, and societal responses to these problems.
Environmental justice is also discussed as environmental racism or environmental inequality. [10] Environmental justice is typically defined as distributive justice, which is the equitable distribution of environmental risks and benefits. [11] Some definitions address procedural justice, which is the fair and meaningful participation in ...
Lead can accumulate in soils, especially those with a high organic content, where it remains for hundreds to thousands of years. Environmental lead can compete with other metals found in and on plant surfaces potentially inhibiting photosynthesis and at high enough concentrations, negatively affecting plant growth and survival. Contamination of ...
The World Health Organization (WHO) specifically notes that there is "no known safe blood lead concentration," and that even blood lead concentrations as low as 3.5 µg/dL (micrograms per ...
Cultural ecology as developed by Steward is a major subdiscipline of anthropology. It derives from the work of Franz Boas and has branched out to cover a number of aspects of human society, in particular the distribution of wealth and power in a society, and how that affects such behaviour as hoarding or gifting (e.g. the tradition of the potlatch on the Northwest North American coast).
Second, "any change in environmental conditions must affect the political and economic status quo." [ 8 ] Third, the unequal distribution of costs and benefits and the reinforcing or reducing of pre-existing inequalities has political implications in terms of the altered power relationships that then result.
The Environment Agency, a British non-departmental public body of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), defines 'environmental inequality' as follows: 'To observe or claim an environmental inequality is to point out that an aspect of the environment is distributed unevenly amongst different social groups (differentiated by social class, ethnicity, gender, age ...