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  2. Phosphorylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorylation

    Phosphorylation initiates the reaction in step 1 of the preparatory step [5] (first half of glycolysis), and initiates step 6 of payoff phase (second phase of glycolysis). [ 6 ] Glucose, by nature, is a small molecule with the ability to diffuse in and out of the cell.

  3. Glycolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis

    Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6) into pyruvate and, in most organisms, ... The phosphorylation inactivates PFK2, ...

  4. Substrate-level phosphorylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Substrate-level_phosphorylation

    Substrate-level phosphorylation exemplified with the conversion of ADP to ATP. Substrate-level phosphorylation is a metabolism reaction that results in the production of ATP or GTP supported by the energy released from another high-energy bond that leads to phosphorylation of ADP or GDP to ATP or GTP (note that the reaction catalyzed by creatine kinase is not considered as "substrate-level ...

  5. Oxidative phosphorylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_phosphorylation

    Glycolysis produces only 2 ATP molecules, but somewhere between 30 and 36 ATPs are produced by the oxidative phosphorylation of the 10 NADH and 2 succinate molecules made by converting one molecule of glucose to carbon dioxide and water, [6] while each cycle of beta oxidation of a fatty acid yields about 14 ATPs. These ATP yields are ...

  6. Cellular respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration

    Glycolysis preparatory phase −2 Phosphorylation of glucose and fructose 6-phosphate uses two ATP from the cytoplasm. Glycolysis pay-off phase 4 Substrate-level phosphorylation 2 NADH 3 or 5 Oxidative phosphorylation: Each NADH produces net 1.5 ATP (instead of usual 2.5) due to NADH transport over the mitochondrial membrane

  7. Phosphofructokinase 1 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphofructokinase_1

    Glycolysis is the foundation for respiration, both anaerobic and aerobic. Because phosphofructokinase (PFK) catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation to convert fructose-6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and ADP, it is one of the key regulatory steps of glycolysis. [1]

  8. Pentose phosphate pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentose_phosphate_pathway

    The pentose phosphate pathway (also called the phosphogluconate pathway and the hexose monophosphate shunt or HMP shunt) is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis. [1] It generates NADPH and pentoses (five-carbon sugars) as well as ribose 5-phosphate, a precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides. [1]

  9. Pyruvate kinase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate_kinase

    Pyruvate kinase is the enzyme involved in the last step of glycolysis.It catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), yielding one molecule of pyruvate and one molecule of ATP. [1]