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Twistor string theory is an equivalence between N = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory and the perturbative topological B model string theory in twistor space. [1] It was initially proposed by Edward Witten in 2003. Twistor theory was introduced by Roger Penrose from the 1960s as a new approach to the unification of quantum theory with gravity.
In 1974, Joël Scherk and John Schwarz suggested that string theory was therefore not a theory of nuclear physics as many theorists had thought but instead a theory of quantum gravity. [53] At the same time, it was realized that hadrons are actually made of quarks, and the string theory approach was abandoned in favor of quantum chromodynamics.
Despite its shortcomings, twistor string theory led to rapid developments in the study of scattering amplitudes. One was the so-called MHV formalism [23] loosely based on disconnected strings, but was given a more basic foundation in terms of a twistor action for full Yang–Mills theory in twistor space. [24]
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String phenomenology is a branch of theoretical physics that uses tools from mathematics and computer science to study the implications of string theory for particle physics and cosmology. In cosmology, string phenomenology studies, among others, implications of string theory for inflation , dark matter and dark energy .
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In mathematics and theoretical physics (especially twistor theory), twistor space is the complex vector space of solutions of the twistor equation ′ =. It was described in the 1960s by Roger Penrose and Malcolm MacCallum. [ 1 ]
Topological string theory is obtained by a topological twist of the worldsheet description of ordinary string theory: the operators are given different spins. The operation is fully analogous to the construction of topological field theory which is a related concept. Consequently, there are no local degrees of freedom in topological string theory.