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In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group with the formula C=O, composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, and it is divalent at the C atom. It is common to several classes of organic compounds (such as aldehydes , ketones and carboxylic acid ), as part of many larger functional groups.
In organic chemistry, carbonyl reduction is the conversion of any carbonyl group, usually to an alcohol. It is a common transformation that is practiced in many ways. [ 1 ] Ketones , aldehydes , carboxylic acids , esters , amides , and acid halides - some of the most pervasive functional groups , -comprise carbonyl compounds.
This method is used to produce propionic acid from ethylene using nickel carbonyl as the catalyst: [2] The above reaction is also referred to as hydroxycarbonylation, in which case hydrocarboxylation refers to the same net converstion but using carbon dioxide in place of CO and H 2 in place of water: [8]
The reaction is then completed either by the reformation of the carbonyl through an 1,2-rearrangement or by the formation of the epoxide. There are two possible carbonyl products: one formed by migration of R 1 (4) and the other by migration of R 2 (5). The relative yield of each possible carbonyl is determined by the migratory preferences of ...
Phosgene is also used to produce monoisocyanates, used as pesticide precursors (e.g. methyl isocyanate (MIC). Aside from the widely used reactions described above, phosgene is also used to produce acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids: R−C(=O)−OH + COCl 2 → R−C(=O)−Cl + HCl + CO 2
In organic chemistry, the Michael reaction or Michael 1,4 addition is a reaction between a Michael donor (an enolate or other nucleophile) and a Michael acceptor (usually an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl) to produce a Michael adduct by creating a carbon-carbon bond at the acceptor's β-carbon.
Most mononuclear carbonyl complexes are colorless or pale yellow, volatile liquids or solids that are flammable and toxic. [9] Vanadium hexacarbonyl, a uniquely stable 17-electron metal carbonyl, is a blue-black solid. [1] Dimetallic and polymetallic carbonyls tend to be more deeply colored. Triiron dodecacarbonyl (Fe 3 (CO) 12) forms deep ...
The Mond process, sometimes known as the carbonyl process, is a technique created by Ludwig Mond in 1890, [1] to extract and purify nickel. The process was used commercially before the end of the 19th century, [ 2 ] and particularly by the International Nickel Company in the Sudbury Basin . [ 3 ]