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Descending perineum syndrome (also known as levator plate sagging) [1] refers to a condition where the perineum "balloons" several centimeters below the bony outlet of the pelvis during strain, although this descent may happen without straining. [2] The syndrome was first described in 1966 by Parks et al. [3]
Perineal hernia is a hernia involving the perineum (pelvic floor). The hernia may contain fluid, fat , any part of the intestine , the rectum , or the bladder . It is known to occur in humans , dogs , and other mammals, and often appears as a sudden swelling to one side (sometimes both sides) of the anus .
Perineoplasty (also perineorrhaphy) denotes the plastic surgery procedures used to correct clinical conditions (damage, defect, deformity) of the vagina and the anus. [1] [2] [3] Among the vagino-anal conditions resolved by perineoplasty are vaginal looseness, vaginal itching, damaged perineum, fecal incontinence, genital warts, dyspareunia, vaginal stenosis, vaginismus, vulvar vestibulitis ...
A rectocele is a bulge, or herniation, of the front wall of the rectum into the back of the vagina. [16] A cystocele occurs when the wall between the bladder and the vagina weakens. [16] Uterine prolapse. Pelvic floor dysfunction can be assessed with a strong clinical history and physical exam, though imaging is often needed for diagnosis.
A cul-de-sac hernia (also termed a peritoneocele) is a herniation of peritoneal folds into the rectovaginal septum (in females), [2] or the rectovesical septum (in males). The herniated structure is the recto-uterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) in females, [2] or the rectovesical pouch in males.
It is possible for the bulge associated with a hernia to come and go, but the defect in the tissue will persist. Symptoms may or may not be present in some inguinal hernias. In the case of reducible hernias, a bulge in the groin or in another abdominal area can often be seen and felt. When standing, such a bulge becomes more obvious.
During this examination perineal sensation and the anocutaneous reflex can be assessed with a cotton tip applicator. [38] The resting tone and squeeze pressure of the anal canal can be assessed. [38] When the patient is straining / bearing down, the bulge of a rectocele may be palpable in the posterior wall of the vagina. [38]
Sigmoidocele may not cause any symptoms. [5]Obstructed defecation syndrome. [3] It has been suggested that a sigmoidocele does not cause obstruction, but rather is a compensatory mechanism which increases rectal pressure and helps evacuation in the presence of excessive perineal descent.