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A phonocardiogram (or PCG) is a plot of high-fidelity recording of the sounds and murmurs made by the heart with the help of the machine called the phonocardiograph; thus, phonocardiography is the recording of all the sounds made by the heart during a cardiac cycle.
A Wiggers diagram, named after its developer, Carl Wiggers, is a unique diagram that has been used in teaching cardiac physiology for more than a century. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In the Wiggers diagram, the X-axis is used to plot time subdivided into the cardiac phases, while the Y-axis typically contains the following on a single grid:
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Diagram showing relations of opened heart to front of thoracic wall. Ant. Anterior segment of tricuspid valve. ... Phonocardiogram from normal and abnormal heart sounds.
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English: A Wiggers diagram, showing the cardiac cycle events occuring in the left ventricle. In the atrial pressure plot: wave "a" corresponds to atrial contraction, wave "c" corresponds to an increase in pressure from the mitral valve bulging into the atrium after closure, and wave "v" corresponds to passive atrial filling.
Murmurs have seven main characteristics. These include timing, shape, location, radiation, intensity, pitch and quality. [7]Timing refers to whether the murmur is a systolic, diastolic, or continuous murmur.
S 3 is thought to be caused by the undulation of blood back and forth between the walls of the ventricles initiated by the inflow of blood from the atria. The reason the third heart sound does not occur until the middle third of diastole is probably that, during the early part of diastole, the ventricles are not filled sufficiently to create enough tension for reverberation.