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Ethiopia is a mostly agrarian rural country [1]: 135 with only its capital, Addis Ababa, having over 1 million people.However the urban population of Ethiopia has expanded dramatically, from 10.8 million in 2002 to 28 million in 2022, [2] a growth of 160%, which has resulted in the urban population as a percentage of the total population growing from 15% to 23% over the same time period. [2]
Centralization meant that companies had even more reason to establish themselves in the already large capitals because this was closest to power. In effect this led to a huge concentration of investment in urban areas. For example, in Nigeria where 80% of investments not related to agriculture was spent in urban areas (Rakodi, 1997).
The World Population Prospects predicts that by 2050, Nigeria will become the third most populated country in the world. Over the last 50 years, Nigeria's urban population has grown at an average annual growth rate of more than 6.5% without commensurate increases in social amenities and infrastructure."
By 1975, both Ethiopia and Nigeria were under military regimes who administered the government. Nigeria backed Ethiopia during the Ethiopian-Somali War , with the Obasanjo Administration backing the backed the call of Guinea (Conakry) for a demilitarized zone at the point of contact.
While Ethiopia was occupied by the Italians from 1936 - 1941, and many public works projects were commissioned during that time, such as the Addis Ababa-Asmara road, Ethiopia was one of the few countries in Africa that was never truly colonized. The Italian projects, by being on already-established trade routes, did not feel all that foreign.
At the time, Ghana owed Nigeria about US$150 million for crude oil supplies and depended on Nigeria for about 90 percent of its petroleum needs. Nigeria's expulsion of more than 1 million Ghanaian immigrants in early 1983, when Ghana was facing severe drought and economic problems, and of another 300,000 in early 1985 on short notice, further ...
The population of Africa first surpassed one billion in 2009, with a doubling time of 27 years (growth rate 2.6% p.a.). [15] Population growth has continued at almost the same pace, and total population is expected to surpass 2 billion by 2038 (doubling time 29 years, 2.4% p.a.). [6]
They number 2,276,867 people in Ethiopia (or 2.73% of the total population), of whom 105,551 are urban inhabitants, according to the most recent census (2007). [20] The Afar make up over a third of the population of Djibouti, and are one of the nine recognized ethnic divisions ( kililoch ) of Ethiopia.