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4.3 Formulas for primes. 4.4 p-adic ... Wilson's theorem states that a natural number n > 1 is a prime number if and only if the product ... This proves Wilson's ...
Clement's congruence-based theorem characterizes the twin primes pairs of the form (, +) through the following conditions: [()! +] ((+)), +P. A. Clement's original 1949 paper [2] provides a proof of this interesting elementary number theoretic criteria for twin primality based on Wilson's theorem.
Because the set of primes is a computably enumerable set, by Matiyasevich's theorem, it can be obtained from a system of Diophantine equations. Jones et al. (1976) found an explicit set of 14 Diophantine equations in 26 variables, such that a given number k + 2 is prime if and only if that system has a solution in nonnegative integers: [7]
Fermat's last theorem Fermat's last theorem, one of the most famous and difficult to prove theorems in number theory, states that for any integer n > 2, the equation a n + b n = c n has no positive integer solutions. Fermat's little theorem Fermat's little theorem field extension A field extension L/K is a pair of fields K and L such that K is ...
In number theory, a Wilson prime is a prime number such that divides ()! +, where "!" denotes the factorial function; compare this with Wilson's theorem, which states that every prime divides ()! +. Both are named for 18th-century English mathematician John Wilson ; in 1770, Edward Waring credited the theorem to Wilson, [ 1 ] although it had ...
Chinese remainder theorem; Fermat's little theorem. Proofs of Fermat's little theorem; Fermat quotient; Euler's totient function. Noncototient; Nontotient; Euler's theorem; Wilson's theorem; Primitive root modulo n. Multiplicative order; Discrete logarithm; Quadratic residue. Euler's criterion; Legendre symbol; Gauss's lemma (number theory ...
The Wilson quotient W(p) is defined as: = ()! + If p is a prime number, the quotient is an integer by Wilson's theorem; moreover, if p is composite, the quotient is not an integer. If p divides W(p), it is called a Wilson prime. The integer values of W(p) are (sequence A007619 in the OEIS): W(2) = 1
A simple but very inefficient primality test uses Wilson's theorem, which states that is prime if and only if: ( p − 1 ) ! ≡ − 1 ( mod p ) {\displaystyle (p-1)!\equiv -1{\pmod {p}}} Although this method requires about p {\displaystyle p} modular multiplications, rendering it impractical, theorems about primes and modular residues form the ...