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The Sun is 1.4 million kilometers (4.643 light-seconds) wide, about 109 times wider than Earth, or four times the Lunar distance, and contains 99.86% of all Solar System mass. The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star that makes up about 99.86% of the mass of the Solar System. [26]
The black sun as pictured in the Putrifaction emblem of Philosophia Reformata (Johann Daniel Mylius) Sol niger (black sun) can refer to the first stage of the alchemical magnum opus, the nigredo (blackness). In a text ascribed to Marsilio Ficino three suns are described: black, white, and red, corresponding to the three most used alchemical ...
The Sun in true white color. The Sun is the Solar System's star and by far its most massive component. Its large mass (332,900 Earth masses), [75] which comprises 99.86% of all the mass in the Solar System, [76] produces temperatures and densities in its core high enough to sustain nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. [77]
This will rise to 10 −6 M ☉ /year on the asymptotic giant branch, before peaking at a rate of 10 −5 to 10 −4 M ☉ /year as the Sun generates a planetary nebula. By the time the Sun becomes a degenerate white dwarf, it will have lost 46% of its starting mass. [15] The mass of the Sun has been decreasing since the time it formed.
Solar cycles are nearly periodic 11-year changes in the Sun's activity that are based on the number of sunspots present on the Sun's surface. The first solar cycle conventionally is said to have started in 1755. The source data are the revised International Sunspot Numbers (ISN v2.0), as available at SILSO. [1]
It is a common charge in the heraldry of many countries, regions and cities: e.g. the bearings of Armstrong family in Canada; [7] the Sun in Splendour appears superimposed on the Cross of St. George and behind the White Rose of York on the flag of the West Riding of Yorkshire; and on the arms of Banbury Town Council, [8] England.
[citation needed] If an adult's arms and legs are exposed to a half minimal erythemal UV radiation, it is the same as taking 3,000 IU of vitamin D 3 through an oral supplement. This exposure of 10–15 minutes, on a frequency of two to three times per week, will cause the adult's skin to produce enough vitamin D.
The CZA radius varies between 32.2° and 0°, getting smaller with rising solar altitude. It is best observed with solar altitudes of about 15°-25°; towards either extreme, it is vanishingly faint. When the Sun is observed above 32.2°, light exits the crystals through the bottom face instead, contributing to the almost colorless parhelic circle.