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Different types of noise are generated by different devices and different processes. Thermal noise is unavoidable at non-zero temperature (see fluctuation-dissipation theorem), while other types depend mostly on device type (such as shot noise, [1] [3] which needs a steep potential barrier) or manufacturing quality and semiconductor defects, such as conductance fluctuations, including 1/f noise.
The term electrical noise describes electrical perturbations occurring in electronic circuits, not sound. For the latter use, the terms electromagnetic vibrations [ 5 ] or magnetic vibrations, [ 6 ] focusing on the structural phenomenon are less ambiguous.
Almost every technique and device for signal processing has some connection to noise. Some random examples are: Noise shaping; Antenna analyzer or noise bridge, used to measure the efficiency of antennas; Noise gate; Noise generator, a circuit that produces a random electrical signal; Radio noise source used to calibrate radiotelescopes
Johnson–Nyquist noise (thermal noise, Johnson noise, or Nyquist noise) is the electronic noise generated by the thermal agitation of the charge carriers (usually the electrons) inside an electrical conductor at equilibrium, which happens regardless of any applied voltage.
Shot noise or Poisson noise is a type of noise which can be modeled by a Poisson process. In electronics shot noise originates from the discrete nature of electric charge . Shot noise also occurs in photon counting in optical devices, where shot noise is associated with the particle nature of light.
A commercial example of an avalanche diode noise generator is the Agilent 346C that covers 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz. ... F. C. (1973), Low-Noise Electronic Design, John ...
Flicker noise is a type of electronic noise with a 1/f power spectral density. It is therefore often referred to as 1/ f noise or pink noise , though these terms have wider definitions. It occurs in almost all electronic devices and can show up with a variety of other effects, such as impurities in a conductive channel, generation and ...
Burst noise is a type of electronic noise that occurs in semiconductors and ultra-thin gate oxide films. [1] It is also called random telegraph noise ( RTN ), popcorn noise , impulse noise , bi-stable noise , or random telegraph signal ( RTS ) noise.