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The basis of emotions and what emotions are remains an issue of debate within the field of affective neuroscience. [2] The term "affective neuroscience" was coined by neuroscientist Jaak Panksepp, at a time when cognitive neuroscience focused on parts of psychology that did not include emotion, such as attention or memory. [3]
Jaak Panksepp (June 5, 1943 – April 18, 2017) was an Estonian-American neuroscientist and psychobiologist who coined the term "affective neuroscience", the name for the field that studies the neural mechanisms of emotion.
The theory denies "essentialism" of brain areas exclusively dedicated to emotion, such as the seven primary affective systems proposed by the affective neuroscientist Jaak Panksepp. (Note that Barrett and Panksepp use the word "affect" to mean different things.
The concept has been rejected by many affective neuroscientists on the grounds that nonhuman animals displaying rage behaviors do indeed experience rage. This is the view of Jaak Panksepp, for example, [5] [6] who was among the first to describe the neural generators of rage. [6] [7]
In 1998, Jaak Panksepp proposed that all mammalian species are equipped with brains capable of generating emotional experiences. [52] Subsequent work examined studies on rodents to provide foundational support for this claim. [53] One of these studies examined whether rats would work to alleviate the distress of a conspecific. [54]
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For example, Jaak Panksepp, an affective neuroscientist, point to the "remarkable degree of neocortical plasticity within the human brain, especially during development" and states that "the developmental interactions among ancient special-purpose circuits and more recent general-purpose brain mechanisms can generate many of the "modularized ...