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The rise of FM radio and television broadcasting in the 1940s–1950s created a need for even taller masts. The earlier AM broadcasting used LF and MF bands, where radio waves propagate as ground waves which follow the contour of the Earth. The ground-hugging waves allowed the signals to travel beyond the horizon, out to hundreds of kilometers.
Types of antenna often mounted on mast radiators are: fiberglass whip antennas for land mobile radio systems for taxi and delivery services, dish antennas for microwave relay links carrying commercial telecommunications and internet data, FM radio broadcasting antennas consisting of collinear bays of twisted dipole elements, and cellular base ...
A schematic of a simple superhet broadcast FM receiver. Note that there is no AGC loop, but simply uses a high-gain IF amplifier which is intentionally driven into saturation (or limiting). For single conversion superheterodyne AM receivers designed for medium wave (AM broadcast) the IF is commonly 455 kHz. Most superheterodyne receivers ...
This is the type of antenna used in most portable AM broadcast receivers (other than car radios): The standard AM antenna is a loop of wire wound around a ferrite rod (a "loopstick antenna"). The loop is resonated by a coupled tuning capacitor, which is configured to match the receiver's tuning, in order to keep the antenna resonant at the ...
When excited by this alternating current, the antenna radiates radio waves. Transmitters are necessary parts of all systems that use radio: radio and television broadcasting, cell phones, wireless networks, radar, two way radios like walkie talkies, radio navigation systems like GPS, remote entry systems, among numerous other uses.
[y] The simple antennas used to make a Yagi-Uda can either all be linear or bent linear antennas, or all loops (a quad antenna) or (rarely) a mixed combination of loops and straight-wire antennas. Yagi–Udas are used for rooftop television antennas , point-to-point communication links, and long distance shortwave communication using skywave ...
In broadcasting monopole antennas, however, lengths equal to 5 / 8 wavelength are also popular because in a monopole this length maximizes the power radiated perpendicular to the axis of the radiator, which with a vertical radiator optimizes efficiency for terrestrial broadcast. The monopole antenna was invented in 1895 by radio pioneer ...
A common shape today is the batwing or superturnstile antenna, used for television broadcasting in the VHF or UHF bands [8] The batwing shape of each element produces an antenna with wide impedance bandwidth. [1] Up to eight batwing antennas are usually stacked vertically and fed in phase to make a high gain omnidirectional antenna for TV ...
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