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A tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT), also known as the mid-oceanic trough, [1] is a trough situated in the upper-level (at about 200 hPa) tropics. Its formation is usually caused by the intrusion of energy and wind from the mid-latitudes into the tropics. It can also develop from the inverted trough adjacent to an upper level anticyclone.
Subtropical cyclones began to receive names from the official tropical cyclone lists in the Atlantic Basin in 2002. There are two definitions currently used for subtropical cyclones. Across the north Atlantic and southwest Indian ocean, they require central convection fairly near the center and a warming core in the mid-levels of the troposphere.
The trowal creates the portion of an occluded cyclone known as its comma head, due to the comma-like shape of the mid-tropospheric cloudiness that accompanies the feature. It can also be the focus of locally heavy precipitation, with thunderstorms possible if the atmosphere along the trowal is unstable enough for convection.
Kona lows, most extratropical cyclones, and tropical upper tropospheric cyclones are cold core lows. In the eastern half of the north Pacific Ocean and north Indian Ocean, the formation of a weak circulation underneath a mid to upper-tropospheric low which has cut off from the main belt of the westerlies during the cold season is called a subtropical cyclone.
Under a cold cyclone, 500 hPa temperatures can fall as low as −30 °C, which can initiate convection even in the driest atmospheres. This also explains why moisture in the mid-levels of the troposphere, roughly at the 500 hPa level, is normally a requirement for development. However, when dry air is found at the same height, temperatures at ...
A mesoscale convective vortex (MCV), also known as a mesoscale vorticity center or Neddy eddy, [9] is a mesocyclone within a mesoscale convective system (MCS) that pulls winds into a circling pattern, or vortex, at the mid levels of the troposphere and is normally associated with anticyclonic outflow aloft, with a region of aeronautically ...
But from mid-August through early September, all went quiet. That’s usually when the season reaches its peak — around Sept. 10. But not a single named storm developed during those weeks, the ...
Cyclones have also been seen on extraterrestrial planets, such as Mars, Jupiter, and Neptune. [7] [8] Cyclogenesis is the process of cyclone formation and intensification. [9] Extratropical cyclones begin as waves in large regions of enhanced mid-latitude temperature contrasts called baroclinic zones.