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An interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) is a gene that can be expressed in response to stimulation by interferon. [1] [2] Interferons bind to receptors on the surface of a cell, initiating protein signaling pathways within the cell. This interaction leads to the expression of a subset of genes involved in the innate immune system response. [1]
Interferome is an online bioinformatics database of interferon-regulated genes (IRGs). [1] These Interferon Regulated Genes are also known as Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs). The database contains information on type I (IFN alpha, beta), type II (IFN gamma) and type III (IFN lambda) regulated genes and is regularly updated.
ISG15 was originally identified in the late 1970s as a 15-kDa protein produced in response to type I interferon, a potent class of antiviral cytokines. [19] Given the molecular weight, it was originally termed "a 15-kDa protein", but later renamed interferon-stimulated-gene-15 when the cassette of interferon-stimulated genes were recognized.
The type-I interferons (IFN) are cytokines which play essential roles in inflammation, immunoregulation, tumor cells recognition, and T-cell responses. In the human genome, a cluster of thirteen functional IFN genes is located at the 9p21.3 cytoband over approximately 400 kb including coding genes for IFNα (IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNA4, IFNA5, IFNA6, IFNA7, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA13, IFNA14, IFNA16 ...
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), also known as transmembrane protein 173 (TMEM173) and MPYS/MITA/ERIS is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STING1 gene. [ 5 ] STING plays an important role in innate immunity .
STAT molecules form dimers and bind to ISGF3G/IRF-9, which is Interferon stimulated gene factor 3 complex with Interferon regulatory Factor 9. [7] This allows STAT1 to enter the nucleus. [8] STAT1 has a key role in many gene expressions that cause survival of the cell, viability or pathogen response.
Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3, also known as interferon-stimulated gene 49 ... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFIT3 gene. ...
Viperin is an interferon-stimulated gene whose expression inhibits many DNA and RNA viruses including CHIKV, HCMV, HCV, DENV, WNV, SINV, influenza, and HIV. [6] Initially identified as an IFN-γ induced antiviral protein in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infected macrophages, it was reported that viperin could be induced by HCMV glycoprotein B in fibroblasts, but inhibits HCMV viral infection ...
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