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The Design 1001 ship (full name Emergency Fleet Corporation Design 1001) was a wood-hulled cargo ship design approved for production by the United States Shipping Board ' s Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFT) in World War I. [2] They were referred to as the "Ferris"-type after its designer, naval architect Theodore E. Ferris. [2]
Iron's advantages included being much cheaper than wood, not being subject to dry rot or woodworm, and its much greater structural strength. The practical limit on the length of a wooden-hulled ship is about 300 feet, after which hogging —the flexing of the hull as waves pass beneath it—becomes too great.
LignoSat was developed by Kyoto University and logging firm Sumitomo Forestry as a demonstration of using wood for space exploration uses. [4] The satellite is named after the Latin word for "wood" which is "Ligno". LignoSat is made of wood from honoki, a magnolia tree native in Japan. Wood from the tree is customarily used for sword sheaths.
Extra precautions are taken, such as adding longitudinal divisions and securing wood atop the cargo. [7] If a hold is full, a technique called tomming is used, [8] which involves digging out a 6 feet (2 m) hole below the hatch cover and filling it with bagged cargo or weights. [8] A typical bulk carrier offload
She was renamed again after the sale to American Steamship Company in June, 2006. On September 24, 2017 the American Integrity broke the all-time record for the largest load through the Soo Locks with 75,095 tons of iron ore beating the record held for the last two weeks by the Edwin H. Gott.
The technique of composite ship construction (wooden planking over a wrought iron frame) emerged in the mid-19th century as the final stage in the evolution of fast commercial sailing ships. Construction of wrought iron hulled vessels had begun in the 1820s and was a mature technology by the time of the launch of the SS Great Britain in 1843.
The last whaleback, Alexander McDougall (1898 – 413 ft), was the longest whaleback and the only whaleback made with a traditionally shaped bow. [6] The only remaining whaleback is the SS Meteor (formerly Frank Rockefeller), now a museum at Superior, Wisconsin. The remains of the Thomas Wilson lie just outside the harbor of Duluth, Minnesota.
Parts manufactured by one company were interchangeable with those made by another, and the openness of its design made most of its moving parts easy to see, access, and oil. The engine—21 feet (6.4 m) long and 19 feet (5.8 m) tall—was designed to operate at 76 rpm and propel a Liberty ship at about 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph).