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The term "private sector involvement" was introduced in the late-1990s in the context of the discussions on bond restructurings and capital account crises. [ 1 ] : 6 Previously, the term used to broadly denote any kind of private-sector participation into an existing government program, such as, for example, family planning , [ 2 ] or health ...
A parody is a creative work designed to imitate, comment on, and/or mock its subject by means of satirical or ironic imitation.Often its subject is an original work or some aspect of it (theme/content, author, style, etc), but a parody can also be about a real-life person (e.g. a politician), event, or movement (e.g. the French Revolution or 1960s counterculture).
The new economic history, or cliometrics, formalized economic history in a manner similar to the injection of mathematical models and statistics into the rest of economics. [ 12 ] The relationship between economic history, economics and history has long been the subject of intense discussion, and the debates of recent years echo those of early ...
Such claims can take many forms, for example, a claim on future government tax revenue or a claim issued against a commodity that remains, as yet, unsold. The stocks, shares and bonds issued by companies and traded on stock markets are also fictitious capital. A company may raise (non-fictitious) capital by issuing stocks, shares and bonds.
In corporate finance, a debenture is a medium- to long-term debt instrument used by large companies to borrow money, at a fixed rate of interest. The legal term "debenture" originally referred to a document that either creates a debt or acknowledges it, but in some countries the term is now used interchangeably with bond, loan stock or note.
In financial economics, a state-price security, also called an Arrow–Debreu security (from its origins in the Arrow–Debreu model), a pure security, or a primitive security is a contract that agrees to pay one unit of a numeraire (a currency or a commodity) if a particular state occurs at a particular time in the future and pays zero numeraire in all the other states.
The new debt is governed by English law and comes with warrants that may provide extra income in years if Greek economic growth exceeds thresholds. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In accordance with the treaty establishing the European Stability Mechanism , all bonds issued by Eurozone member states with maturities exceeding one year, issued after January 1, 2013 ...
In economics, forced saving occurs when the spending of a person is less than their earnings, due to the consumer goods shortages which can cause hyperinflation.Forced saving can also happen when available goods are too expensive, therefore a person who has no access to credit has to accumulate the money for their purchase over an extended period of time.