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  2. Scientific method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method

    The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has been referred to while doing science since at least the 17th century. The scientific method involves careful observation coupled with rigorous skepticism, because cognitive assumptions can distort the interpretation of the observation.

  3. Testability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testability

    Testability is a primary aspect of science [1] and the scientific method. There are two components to testability: Falsifiability or defeasibility, which means that counterexamples to the hypothesis are logically possible. The practical feasibility of observing a reproducible series of such counterexamples if they do exist.

  4. Falsifiability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiability

    In his analysis of the scientific nature of universal laws, Popper arrived at the conclusion that laws must "allow us to deduce, roughly speaking, more empirical singular statements than we can deduce from the initial conditions alone." [27] A singular statement that has one part only cannot contradict a universal law. A falsifier of a law has ...

  5. Philosophy of science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_science

    The scientific method is to be used to investigate all reality, including the human spirit. [58] Some claim that naturalism is the implicit philosophy of working scientists, and that the following basic assumptions are needed to justify the scientific method: [59] That there is an objective reality shared by all rational observers. [59] [60]

  6. Hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis

    The scientific method involves experimentation to test the ability of some hypothesis to adequately answer the question under investigation. In contrast, unfettered observation is not as likely to raise unexplained issues or open questions in science, as would the formulation of a crucial experiment to test the hypothesis.

  7. Scientific evidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_evidence

    Scientific evidence is evidence that serves to either support or counter a scientific theory or hypothesis, [1] although scientists also use evidence in other ways, such as when applying theories to practical problems. [2] Such evidence is expected to be empirical evidence and interpretable in accordance with the scientific method.

  8. Scientific theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_theory

    A scientific theory is an explanation of an aspect of the natural world and universe that can be (or a fortiori, that has been) repeatedly tested and corroborated in accordance with the scientific method, using accepted protocols of observation, measurement, and evaluation of results.

  9. Outline of scientific method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_scientific_method

    Scientific method – body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiring new knowledge, as well as for correcting and integrating previous knowledge. It is based on observable , empirical , reproducible , measurable evidence , and subject to the laws of reasoning .