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An oligopoly (from Ancient Greek ὀλίγος (olígos) 'few' and πωλέω (pōléō) 'to sell') is a market in which pricing control lies in the hands of a few sellers. [1] [2] As a result of their significant market power, firms in oligopolistic markets can influence prices through manipulating the supply function.
The market price is determined by the sum of the output of two companies. () = is the equation for the market demand function. [4] Market with two firms i = 1, 2 with constant marginal cost c i; Inverse market demand for a homogeneous good: P(Q) = a − bQ; Where Q is the sum of both firms' production levels: Q = q 1 + q 2
An n-firm concentration ratio is a common measure of market structure and shows the combined market share of the n largest firms in the market. For example, if n = 5, CR 5 defines the combined market share of the five largest firms in an industry. Competition economists and competition authorities typically employ concentration ratios (CR n ...
Market structure makes it easier to understand the characteristics of diverse markets. The main body of the market is composed of suppliers and demanders. Both parties are equal and indispensable. The market structure determines the price formation method of the market.
Market concentration ratios also allows users to more accurately determine the type of market structure they are observing, from a perfect competitive, to a monopolistic, monopoly or oligopolistic market structure. Market concentration is related to industrial concentration, which concerns the distribution of production within an industry, as ...
The degree of market power firms assert in different markets are relative to the market structure that the firms operate in. There are four main forms of market structures that are observed: perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. [11] Perfect competition and monopoly represent the two extremes of market ...
It contrasts with an oligopoly, where there are many buyers but few sellers. An oligopsony is a form of imperfect competition . The terms monopoly (one seller), monopsony (one buyer), and bilateral monopoly have a similar relationship.
Oligopoly: If the industry structure is oligopolistic (that is, has few major competitors), the players will closely monitor each other's prices and be prepared to respond to any price cuts. [8] Applying game theory, two oligopolistic firms that engage in a price war will often find themselves in a kind of prisoner’s dilemma. Indeed, if Firm ...