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A phonogram is a grapheme i.e. one or more written characters which represent a phoneme (speech sound), [1] rather than a bigger linguistic unit such as morphemes or words. [2] For example, "igh" is an English-language phonogram that represents the / aɪ / sound in "high".
Egyptian hieroglyphs, examples of logograms. In a written language, a logogram (from Ancient Greek logos 'word', and gramma 'that which is drawn or written'), also logograph or lexigraph, is a written character that represents a semantic component of a language, such as a word or morpheme.
These phonetic elements may be used on their own (to represent, for example, grammatical inflections or foreign words), or may serve as phonetic complements to a logogram (used to specify the sound of a logogram that might otherwise represent more than one word). In the case of Chinese, the phonetic element is built into the logogram itself; in ...
Most logograms include some representation of the pronunciation of the corresponding word in the language, often using the rebus principle. Later systems used selected symbols to represent the sounds of the language, such as the adaptation of the logogram for ʾālep 'ox' as the letter aleph representing the initial glottal stop. However, some ...
They are often omitted from modern systems. Xu gave the example of 考 kǎo 'to verify' with 老 lǎo 'old', which had similar Old Chinese pronunciations of * khuʔ and * C-ruʔ [e] respectively. [45] These may have had the same etymological root meaning 'elderly person', but became lexicalized into two separate words. The term does not ...
A fixture at any fast food restaurant or backyard barbecue is American cheese. These orange, plastic-wrapped slices are unparalleled in terms of meltability. For many, when it comes to making a ...
An example of this in Japanese would be the grapheme 東 [east], which can be read as higashi or azuma, in addition to its logographic representation of the morpheme tō. Additionally, in Japanese, the logographic (Chinese-derived) reading is called the on'yomi reading, and the morphographic reading (native Japanese) is called the kun'yomi reading.
Examples of determinatives (with transliteration superscripts in parentheses): [1] [3] 𒁹 (1 or m) for male personal names; 𒊩 (f) for female personal name; 𒄑 for trees and all things made of wood; 𒆳 for countries; 𒌷 for cities (but also often succeeding KI) 𒇽 for people and professions; 𒇽𒈨𒌍 (LÚ.