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The adenylate energy charge is an index used to measure the energy status of biological cells.. ATP or Mg-ATP is the principal molecule for storing and transferring energy in the cell : it is used for biosynthetic pathways, maintenance of transmembrane gradients, movement, cell division, etc...
This figure arises from accepting that 10 H + are transported out of the matrix per 2 e −, and 4 H + are required to move inward to synthesize a molecule of ATP. [ 6 ] The H+/2e − ratios of the three major respiratory complexes are generally agreed to be 4, 4, and 2 for Complexes I, III, and IV respectively. [ 7 ]
2 FADH 2 from the Krebs cycle: 2 × 1.5 ATP; Altogether this gives 4 + 3 (or 5) + 20 + 3 = 30 (or 32) ATP per molecule of glucose These figures may still require further tweaking as new structural details become available. The above value of 3 H + / ATP for the synthase assumes that the synthase translocates 9 protons, and produces 3 ATP, per ...
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These carbon molecules are oxidized into NADH and ATP. For the glucose molecule to oxidize into pyruvate, an input of ATP molecules is required. This is known as the investment phase, in which a total of two ATP molecules are consumed. At the end of glycolysis, the total yield of ATP is four molecules, but the net gain is two ATP molecules.
atp 4− + h 2 o adp 3− + hpo 2− 4 + h + Adenosine triphosphate , or ATP, acts as a free energy "currency" in all living organisms. In a spontaneous dephosphorylation reaction 30.5 kJ/mol is released, which is harnessed to drive cellular reactions.
28.2% (sunlight energy collected by chlorophyll) → 68% is lost in conversion of ATP and NADPH to d-glucose, leaving; 9% (collected as sugar) → 35–40% of sugar is recycled/consumed by the leaf in dark and photo-respiration, leaving; 5.4% net leaf efficiency. Many plants lose much of the remaining energy on growing roots.
Universal Tennis Rating (UTR) is an index that intends to generate a reliable and accurate rating for players' tennis skill. UTR rates all players—men, women, and children—on a single 16-point scale (with two decimal places, e.g., 11.29) that works for players globally regardless of their skill level, from beginners to top professional competitors.