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Indanthrone is utilized as a blue pigment (C.I. Pigment Blue 60), primarily in the process of vat dyeing, often referred to as C.I. Vat Blue 4. [8] Indanthrone is a vat dye, synthesized to provide highest color fastness for the dyeing and printing of predominantly cellulose-based textile fibers.
The first anthraquinone-based synthetic vat dye was indanthrone (C.I. Vat Blue 4) - the synthesis of which was developed by René Bohn in 1901: Synthesis of indanthrone By dimerization of 2-aminoanthraquinone ( 1 ) under strongly alkaline conditions at 220-235 °C, intermediate stage 3 is obtained in two steps, which is cyclized ...
Prussian blue is a dark blue pigment containing iron and cyanide produced by the oxidation of ferrous ferrocyanide salts. It was invented in Berlin between 1704 and 1710. It had an immediate impact on the pigment market, because its intense deep blue color approached the quality of ultramarine at a much lower price.
Ultramarine is a deep blue color pigment which was originally made by grinding lapis lazuli into a powder. [2] Its lengthy grinding and washing process makes the natural pigment quite valuable—roughly ten times more expensive than the stone it comes from and as expensive as gold.
Egyptian blue: a synthetic pigment of calcium copper silicate (CaCuSi 4 O 10). Thought to be the first synthetically produced pigment. Han blue: BaCuSi 4 O 10. Azurite: cupric carbonate hydroxide (Cu 3 (CO 3) 2 (OH) 2). Basic copper carbonate: Cu 2 (OH) 2 CO 3. Iron pigments. Prussian blue (PB27): a synthetic inert pigment made of iron and ...
Hues of blue include indigo and ultramarine, closer to violet; pure blue, without any mixture of other colours; Azure, which is a lighter shade of blue, similar to the colour of the sky; Cyan, which is midway in the spectrum between blue and green, and the other blue-greens such as turquoise, teal, and aquamarine.
Blue, particularly ultramarine pigment made from ground lapis lazuli remained significant for depictions of the divine through the Renaissance. Pre-industrial revolution painters in Europe used ultramarine almost exclusively for the robes of Mary because of the pigment's great expense, until the work of Jean-Baptiste Guimet and Christian Gmelin ...
Blue is traditionally associated with the sea and the sky, with infinity and distance. The uniforms of sailors are usually dark blue, those of air forces lighter blue. The expression "The wild blue yonder" in the official song of the US Air Force refers to the sky. [103] Blue is associated with cold water taps which are traditionally marked ...