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Special education in the United States enables students with exceptional learning needs to access resources through special education programs. "The idea of excluding students with any disability from public school education can be traced back to 1893, when the Massachusetts Supreme Court expelled a student merely due to poor academic ability". [1]
To provide FAPE, schools must provide students with an "education that emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs and prepare them for further education, employment, and independent living." [16] The IDEA includes requirements that schools provide each disabled student an education that:
[9] In educational settings, it is the practice of placing students with special education services in a general education classroom during specific time periods based on their skills to enable a person with a disability to take part in a "mainstream" environment without added difficulty by creating inclusive settings. [10]
Nov. 2—More training. More access. More accountability. Saying the above out loud only takes about three seconds. However, it's taken Christina Smith a decade to get that trio of directives ...
When teachers expand their knowledge on special education and the needs of students with special disabilities, they shape their perspectives and confidence in teaching an inclusive classroom. [30] Negative attitudes towards inclusive practices are "attributed to a lack of understanding and a fear of what is unknown". [25]
Hay has lived the experience of so many Black parents of children with special needs in the school district: inconsistent instruction, uneven discipline, roadblocks to services and poor ...
Inclusion has different historical roots/background which may be integration of students with severe disabilities in the US (who may previously been excluded from schools or even lived in institutions) [7] [8] [9] or an inclusion model from Canada and the US (e.g., Syracuse University, New York) which is very popular with inclusion teachers who believe in participatory learning, cooperative ...
Because the law does not clearly state to what degree the least restrictive environment is, courts have had to interpret the LRE principle. In a landmark case interpreting IDEA's predecessor statute (EHA), Daniel R.R. v. State Board of Education (1989), it was determined that students with disabilities have a right to be included in both academic and extracurricular programs of general education.