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In United States Pharmacopeia (USP) General Chapter <711> Dissolution, there are four dissolution apparatuses standardized and specified. [6] They are: USP Dissolution Apparatus 1 – Basket (37 °C ± 0.5 °C ) USP Dissolution Apparatus 2 – Paddle (37 °C ± 0.5 °C) USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 – Reciprocating Cylinder (37 °C ± 0.5 °C)
A Soxhlet extractor is a piece of laboratory apparatus [1] invented in 1879 by Franz von Soxhlet. [2] It was originally designed for the extraction of a lipid from a solid material. Typically, Soxhlet extraction is used when the desired compound has a limited solubility in a solvent, and the impurity is insoluble in that solvent. It allows for ...
In pharmaceutics, sink condition is a term mostly related to the dissolution testing procedure.. It means using a sheer volume of solvent, usually about 5 to 10 times greater than the volume present in the saturated solution of the targeted chemical (often the API, and sometimes the excipients) contained in the dosage form being tested.
Blend time, sometimes termed mixing time, is the time to achieve a predefined level of homogeneity of a tracer in a mixing vessel.Blend time is an important parameter to evaluate the mixing efficiency of mixing devices. [1]
A Marsh funnel is a Marsh cone with a particular orifice and a working volume of 1.5 litres. It consists of a cone 6 inches (152 mm) across and 12 inches in height (305 mm) to the apex of which is fixed a tube 2 inches (50.8 mm) long and 3/16 inch (4.76 mm) internal diameter. A 10-mesh screen is fixed near the top across half the cone. [2]
A volumetric flask (measuring flask or graduated flask) is a piece of laboratory apparatus, a type of laboratory flask, calibrated to contain a precise volume at a certain temperature. Volumetric flasks are used for precise dilutions and preparation of standard solutions. These flasks are usually pear-shaped, with a flat bottom, and made of ...
In this apparatus a fixed volume of sample oil is directly drawn from a sample tube into a degassing vessel under vacuum, where the gases are released. These gases are isolated using a mercury piston to measure its volume at atmospheric pressure and subsequent transfer to a gas chromatograph using a gas-tight syringe.
An autosampler for liquid or gaseous samples based on a microsyringe. Autosamplers for liquids work along many kinds of machines that perform different kinds of chemical measurements, like titrators, gas chromatographers, liquid chromatographers, water analyzers (like total carbon analyzers, dissolved inorganic carbon analyzers, nutrient analyzers) and many others.