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By 1900, 54 electro-pneumatic interlocking plants, controlling a total of 1,864 interlocking levers, were in use on 13 North American railroads. This type of system would remain one of two viable competing systems into the future, although it did have the disadvantage of needing extra single-use equipment and requiring high maintenance. [7]
The first form of interlocking security is more mechanical. For example, if an individual is entering a building, there may be two sets of doors to enter from. As the individual enters the first door, that door will close before they enter through the second door. This type of interlocking security can prevent piggybacking or tailgating. The ...
The interlocking apparatus is in the box behind the levers. A three-lever ground frame at Kyle of Lochalsh, released by Annett's key. The lever frame is located in the signal box, which can be a building at ground level or a tower, separated from or connected to an existing station building.
Signal box and tracks at Deval interlocking, Des Plaines, in 1993 Originally, all signaling was done by mechanical means.Points and signals were operated locally from individual levers or handles, requiring the signalman to walk between the various pieces of equipment to set them in the required position for each train that passed.
Saxby and Farmer became the major contractor responsible for building signal boxes on behalf of railways. The Type 5 design was one of the most successful and long-lived of all contractors’ signal box designs, between 1876 and 1898 with eleven examples still in use on Network Rail and a further ten on heritage railways or otherwise preserved. [8]
A key exchange block may only hold and release keys and may not have a bolt to interlock process equipment, or may be part of the interlock of a particular machine or device. This is a transfer block, part of a trapped-key interlock system. It does not have a bolt to stop operation of a device, but holds and releases other keys.
Solid State Interlocking (SSI) is the brand name of the first generation processor-based interlocking developed in the 1980s by British Rail's Research Division, GEC-General Signal and Westinghouse Signals Ltd in the UK.
The set of rules and the physical equipment used to accomplish this determine what is known as the method of working (UK), method of operation (US) or safe-working (Aus.). Not all these methods require the use of physical signals, and some systems are specific to single-track railways. The earliest rail cars were hauled by horses or mules.
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