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An open single-cavity bullet mold and a closed two-cavity mold. A cast bullet is made by allowing molten metal to solidify in a mold.Most cast bullets are made of lead alloyed with tin and antimony; but zinc alloys have been used when lead is scarce, and may be used again in response to concerns about lead toxicity.
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A variety of hardness-testing methods are available, including the Vickers, Brinell, Rockwell, Meyer and Leeb tests. Although it is impossible in many cases to give an exact conversion, it is possible to give an approximate material-specific comparison table for steels .
A Rockwell hardness tester. The Rockwell scale is a hardness scale based on indentation hardness of a material. The Rockwell test measures the depth of penetration of an indenter under a large load (major load) compared to the penetration made by a preload (minor load). [1]
Bullet's Brinell hardness number (BHN) x 9.80665 N/kgf×10 6 mm²/m² = [N/m²] = pressure in pascals Bullet's BHN x 1422 = pressure in pounds per square inch [3]. The conversion factor of 1422 is mathematically derived in order to convert the pressure in kgf/mm 2 (the units used to measure BHN) to lbf/in 2 (the units used to measure cartridge pressure).
Bullet parts: 1 metal jacket, 2 lead core, 3 steel penetrator. Terminal ballistics is a sub-field of ballistics concerned with the behavior and effects of a projectile when it hits and transfers its energy to a target. Bullet design (as well as the velocity of impact) largely determines the effectiveness of penetration. [1]
Cast bullets as cast (left), with gas check (center) and lubricated (right). A gas check is a gasket type component of firearms ammunition. Gas checks are used when non-jacketed bullets are used in high pressure cartridges. The use of a gas check inhibits the buildup of lead in the barrel and improves accuracy. [1]
Hard cast solid bullet (left), with gas check (center) and lubrication (right) A modern centerfire cartridge consisting of the following: 1. bullet, as the projectile; 2. metallic case, which holds all parts together; 3. propellant, for example gunpowder or cordite;4. rim, which provides the extractor on the firearm a place to grip the case to ...