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The Constitution of 3 May 1791, [1] [a] titled the Government Act, [b] was a written constitution for the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that was adopted by the Great Sejm that met between 1788 and 1792.
The Polish Constitution of 3 May 1791 (Polish: Konstytucja Trzeciego Maja) is called the first constitution in Europe by historian Norman Davies. [4] It was instituted by the Government Act (Polish: Ustawa rządowa) adopted on that date by the Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Great, or Four-Year, Sejm (1788–92) and Senate adopt Constitution of 3 May 1791 at the Royal Castle in Warsaw.. The Great Sejm, also known as the Four-Year Sejm (Polish: Sejm Wielki or Sejm Czteroletni; Lithuanian: Didysis seimas or Ketverių metų seimas) was a Sejm (parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that was held in Warsaw between 1788 and 1792.
Prior to the May 3 Constitution, in Poland the term "constitution" (Polish: konstytucja) had denoted all the legislation, of whatever character, that had been passed at a sejm. [34] Only with the adoption of the May 3 Constitution did konstytucja assume its modern sense of a fundamental document of governance. [35]
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, [b] formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania [c] and also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic, [d] [9] [10] was a federative real union [11] between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, existing from 1569 to 1795.
The constitution states that the president is an elected office, there is no directly elected presidential line of succession. If the president is unable to execute their powers and duties, the marshal of the Sejm will have the powers of a president for a maximum of 60 days until elections are called.
The Constitution of May 3, 1791 is the second-oldest, codified national constitution in history, and the oldest codified national constitution in Europe; the oldest being the United States Constitution. It was called the Government Act (Ustawa Rządowa) Drafting for it began on October 6, 1788, and lasted 32 months.
1791 in Poland. 1 language ... Constitution of May 3, 1791; ... "The dominant national religion is and shall be the sacred Roman Catholic" Roman catholic References