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A systematic review assessed 12 articles involving a total of 318 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with Yttrium-90 radioembolization. [84] Excluding a study of only one patient, post-treatment CT evaluation of the tumor showed a response ranging from 29 to 100% of patients evaluated, with all but two studies showing a response of ...
The most frequent liver cancer, accounting for approximately 75% of all primary liver cancers, is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). [15] HCC is a cancer formed by liver cells, known as hepatocytes, that become malignant. In terms of cancer deaths, worldwide HCC is considered the 3rd most common cause of cancer mortalities. [16]
For hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), AFP cannot be considered to be specifically diagnostic of HCC, levels of AFP may be elevated in serum from patients with chronic disease; for example, research has indicated that AFP is not useful for screening in patients with cirrhosis [10] or Hepatitis C [11] and therefore elevated AFP in these patients ...
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver cancer, and the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis. [153] Screening using an ultrasound with or without cancer markers such as alpha-fetoprotein can detect this cancer and is often carried out for early signs which has been shown to improve outcomes. [2] [154]
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare form of carcinoma that typically affects young adults and is characterized, under the microscope, by laminated fibrous layers interspersed between the tumor cells. [1] It has been estimated that 200 new cases are diagnosed worldwide each year. [2]
Processing of tumor antigens recognized by CD8+ T cells. Normal proteins in the body are not antigenic because of self-tolerance, a process in which self-reacting cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and autoantibody-producing B lymphocytes are culled "centrally" in primary lymphatic tissue (BM) and "peripherally" in secondary lymphatic tissue (mostly thymus for T-cells and spleen/lymph nodes for B ...
In the setting of individual decision-making, practitioners can be given greater latitude in how they interpret research and combine it with their clinical judgment. [1] [40] In 2005, Eddy offered an umbrella definition for the two branches of EBM: "Evidence-based medicine is a set of principles and methods intended to ensure that to the ...
Worldwide hepatitis C is the cause of 27% of cirrhosis cases and 25% of hepatocellular carcinoma. [24] About 10–30% of those infected develop cirrhosis over 30 years. [ 5 ] [ 16 ] Cirrhosis is more common in those also infected with hepatitis B , schistosoma , or HIV, in alcoholics , and in those of male sex. [ 16 ]