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The previous point of view of worst case leads to an elevation angle of −1.87-degree and an attenuation of 170.77 dB. With this kind of attenuation, every system would be unusable! It was found also for this case that with the nominal elevation angle, the distance of the tangent point to ground is 5.84 km; that of the worst case is 2.69 km.
In telecommunications, the free-space path loss (FSPL) (also known as free-space loss, FSL) is the attenuation of radio energy between the feedpoints of two antennas that results from the combination of the receiving antenna's capture area plus the obstacle-free, line-of-sight (LoS) path through free space (usually air). [1]
It is possible to extrapolate the cumulative attenuation distribution at a given location by using the CCIR interpolation formula: [12] A p = A 001 0.12 p −(0.546 − 0.0043 log 10 p). where A p is the attenuation in dB exceeded for a p percentage of the time and A 001 is the attenuation exceeded for 0.01% of the time.
Radio frequency (RF) and microwave filters represent a class of electronic filter, designed to operate on signals in the megahertz to gigahertz frequency ranges (medium frequency to extremely high frequency). It is component that is used in electronic systems to pass or reject specific frequencies and attenuate of unwanted signals within the ...
Other common RF system components such as filters, attenuators, splitters, and combiners will generate some amount of mismatch loss. While completely eliminating mismatch loss in these components is near impossible, mismatch loss contributions by each component can be minimized by selecting quality components for use in a well designed system.
Hata model does not go beyond 1500 MHz while Okumura provides support for up to 1920 MHz. The model is suited for both point-to-point and broadcast communications, and covers mobile station antenna heights of 1–10 m, base station antenna heights of 30–200 m, and link distances from 1–10 km.
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Radio propagation is the behavior of radio waves as they travel, or are propagated, from one point to another in vacuum, or into various parts of the atmosphere. [1]: 26‑1 As a form of electromagnetic radiation, like light waves, radio waves are affected by the phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, polarization, and scattering. [2]