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A tong (Chinese: 堂; pinyin: táng; Jyutping: tong4; Cantonese Yale: tòhng; lit. 'hall') [1]: 53 is a type of organization found among Chinese immigrants predominantly living in the United States, with smaller numbers in Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom.
Tong wars could be triggered by a variety of inter-gang grievances, from the public besmirching of another Tong's honor, to failure to make full payment for a "slave girl", to the murder of a rival Tong member.
Peng Wang's The Chinese Mafia [3] examines the rise of mainland Chinese organized crime and the political-criminal nexus (collusion between gangs and corrupt police officers) in reform and opening era of China.
Tongs and outlaw motorcycle gangs, as well as terrorist, militant, and paramilitary groups, are mentioned if they are involved in criminal activity for funding. However, since their stated aim and genesis is often ideological rather than commercial, they are distinct from mafia-type groups.
The Hip Sing Association or HSA (Chinese: 協勝公會; Jyutping: hip3 sing3 gung1 wui2), formerly known as the Hip Sing Tong (Chinese: 協勝堂; Jyutping: hip3 sing3 tong4), is a Chinese-American criminal organization/gang formed as a labor organization in New York City's Chinatown during the early 20th century (perhaps c. 1904).
Being top New York City Chinese Tong gang leader from late 19th-mid 20th century Sai Wing Mock (aka Mock Duck ) (1879 – July 23, 1941) was a Chinese-American criminal and leader of the Hip Sing Tong , which replaced the On Leong Tong as the dominant Chinese-American Tong in Manhattan Chinatown in the early 1900s.
The Asian Gang Unit of the Metro Toronto Police was formerly responsible for dealing with triad-related matters, but a larger unit was created to deal with the broad array of ethnic gangs. The Organized Crime and Law Enforcement Act provides a tool for police forces in Canada to handle organized criminal activity.
High-ranking 14K member Hui Sin Ma aka Frank Ma, who was born in China and illegally immigrated to the U.S. in the 1980s, began his criminal career in Boston and San Francisco before settling in Queens, New York, where he became associated with the On Leong Tong and their youth gang the Ghost Shadows, as well as the Hip Sing Tong, along with ...