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In music, a cadenza, (from Italian: cadenza [kaˈdɛntsa], meaning cadence; plural, cadenze [kaˈdɛntse]) is, generically, an improvised or written-out ornamental passage played or sung by a soloist(s), usually in a "free" rhythmic style, and often allowing virtuosic display.
cadenza sospesa demi-cadence Halbschluss I, II, IV or VI → V (tonic, supertonic, subdominant or submediant to dominant) plagal cadence plagal cadence cadencia plagal cadenza plagale cadence plagale plagale Kadenz IV → I (subdominant to tonic) deceptive cadence interrupted cadence cadencia rota cadenza d'inganno cadence rompue Trugschluss
Meaning respectively "measured song" or "figured song". Originally used by medieval music theorists, it refers to polyphonic song with exactly measured notes and is used in contrast to cantus planus. [3] [4] capo 1. capo (short for capotasto: "nut") : A key-changing device for stringed instruments (e.g. guitars and banjos)
Definition Lacuna: gap: A silent pause in a piece of music Ossia: from o ("or") + sia ("that it be") A secondary passage of music which may be played in place of the original Ostinato: stubborn, obstinate: A repeated motif or phrase in a piece of music Pensato: thought out: A composed imaginary note Ritornello: little return
A Landini cadence (Landini sixth or Landini sixth cadence), or under-third cadence, [4] is a type of cadence, a technique in music composition, named after Francesco Landini (1325–1397), an influential Italian composer, in honor of his extensive use of the technique. The technique was used extensively in the 14th and early 15th century.
In classical music theory, the English cadence is a contrapuntal pattern particular to the authentic or perfect cadence.It features a flattened seventh scale degree against the dominant chord, [1] which in the key of C would be B ♭ and G–B ♮ –D.
Note that the direction a piacere (see above) has a more restricted meaning, generally referring to only the first two types of discretion. Baroque music, especially, has a written or implied ad libitum, with most composers intimating the freedom the performer and conductor have. For post-Baroque classical music and jazz, see cadenza.
"In the older music the sign for the fermata is used, as frequently by Bach, merely as indicating the end of the piece, after a Da Capo, when modern composers usually write the word 'fine.' It does not then imply any pause in the music between the first and second part of the number."