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The Panathenaea (or Panathenaia) was a multi-day ancient Greek festival held annually in Athens that would always conclude on 28 Hekatombaion, the first month of the Attic calendar. [1] The main purpose of the festival was for Athenians and non-Athenians to celebrate the goddess Athena . [ 2 ]
The Panathenaea also included poetic and musical competitions. Prizes were awarded for rhapsodic recitation of Homeric poetry, for instrumental music on the aulus and cithara , and for singing to the accompaniment of the aulus and cithara ( citharody ).
Originally, since the 6th century BC, a racecourse stood at the site. It hosted the Panathenaic Games (also known as the Great Panathenaea), a religious and athletic festival celebrated every four years in honour of the goddess Athena. The racecourse had no formal seating and the spectators sat on the natural slopes on the side of the ravine. [12]
Caryatid Porch of the Erechtheion, Athens, 421–407 BCE.. The Panathenaea (Ancient Greek: Παναθήναια, "all-Athenian festival") was the most important festival for Athens and one of the grandest in the entire ancient Greek world.
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Athena on a Panathenic amphora (National Archaeological Museum of Athens)Panathenaic amphorae were the amphorae, large ceramic vessels, that contained the olive oil given as a prize in the Panathenaic Games.
The larger peplos was woven every four years by male professional weavers, and was presented to Athena at the Greater Panathenaea. [ 7 ] Regardless of size, the weavers had to create a particular scene on the peplos: Athena's defeat of Enceladus and the Olympian's defeat of the Giants, the Gigantomachy .
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